Jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, includes procedures like upper jaw (maxillary), lower jaw (mandibular), chin reshaping (genioplasty), and double jaw (bimaxillary) surgery. These surgeries aim to correct misalignment, improve facial symmetry, and resolve issues like chewing difficulties or sleep apnea. Each type targets specific structural problems and requires expert planning and post-op care.
What Is Jaw Surgery and Who Needs It?
Jaw surgery is typically recommended when the upper and lower jaws don’t align properly, leading to both cosmetic and functional issues. Unlike orthodontics that align teeth, jaw surgery repositions the bones for long-term balance and harmony.
Common Jaw Problems Requiring Surgery
- Underbite (mandibular prognathism)
- Overbite (maxillary excess)
- Open bite (vertical jaw gap)
- Jaw asymmetry (lateral misalignment)
- Weak or receding chin
- Difficulty in chewing or speech
- Sleep apnea due to jaw positioning
Functional vs. Aesthetic Indications
While some patients pursue jaw surgery for cosmetic facial symmetry, many require it for:
- Correcting bite dysfunction (malocclusion)
- Reducing TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) pain
- Improving airway function and treating sleep apnea
Age and Health Criteria for Surgery
Jaw surgery is typically performed after skeletal maturity (ages 17-21+). Ideal candidates:
- Have no active gum disease
- Are non-smokers or willing to quit
- Are committed to follow-up care and recovery
Major Types of Jaw Surgery
Jaw surgery encompasses several procedures depending on the specific issue being treated. The most common types include maxillary osteotomy (upper jaw), used for correcting overbites or open bites; mandibular osteotomy (lower jaw), to fix underbites or receding chins; genioplasty, which adjusts the chin’s position; and bimaxillary surgery, where both jaws are operated on for comprehensive correction. Additional procedures like segmental jaw surgery target isolated jaw segments, and TMJ surgery focuses on relieving joint-related dysfunctions.
Major Types of Jaw Surgery List
- Maxillary Osteotomy
- Mandibular Osteotomy
- Genioplasty
- Bimaxillary Surgery
- Segmental Jaw Surgery
- TMJ Surgery
1. Maxillary Osteotomy (Upper Jaw Surgery)
Used to correct issues like an open bite, overbite, or midface deficiency. The upper jaw (maxilla) is repositioned to improve alignment and facial balance. It’s commonly done when the upper jaw is too far forward, too high, or too low.
2. Mandibular Osteotomy (Lower Jaw Surgery)
Targets problems like underbite or a receding chin. The lower jaw (mandible) is moved forward or backward to improve bite function and symmetry.
3. Genioplasty (Chin Surgery)
Also known as sliding genioplasty, this procedure focuses solely on the chin. It’s ideal for patients with a weak or receding chin and can be combined with other jaw procedures.
4. Bimaxillary Surgery (Double Jaw Surgery)
Involves simultaneous repositioning of both the upper and lower jaws. It’s the most comprehensive form of jaw surgery and often used in severe cases of misalignment or facial imbalance.
5. Segmental Jaw Surgery
This approach corrects localized deformities within a section of the jawbone rather than the entire structure. It’s useful for treating dental crowding or asymmetrical arch forms.
6. TMJ Surgery (Temporomandibular Joint)
Reserved for patients with chronic jaw joint pain, clicking, or locking caused by internal joint disorders. It may involve arthroscopy, disc repositioning, or joint replacement.
Differences Between Upper, Lower, and Double Jaw Surgery
Each type of jaw surgery has distinct procedures, recovery profiles, and benefits. Understanding their differences helps patients make informed decisions with their surgeons.
🔹 Surgical Procedure Comparison
| Type of Surgery | Involves | Common Purpose |
| Maxillary Osteotomy | Upper jaw (maxilla) | Corrects overbite, open bite |
| Mandibular Osteotomy | Lower jaw (mandible) | Fixes underbite, receding chin |
| Bimaxillary Surgery | Both upper & lower jaws | Comprehensive bite & facial fix |
🔹 Recovery Time and Complications
- Maxillary/Mandibular only: Healing in 6-8 weeks, swelling peaks in first 7 days
- Double jaw surgery: Recovery takes 8-12 weeks, more initial discomfort
- Risks (common to all): infection, nerve sensitivity, speech difficulty (temporary), jaw stiffness
🔹 Esthetic and Functional Results
- Maxillary surgery often improves smile arc and upper lip support
- Mandibular surgery enhances lower face projection and jawline
- Double jaw surgery offers full-face harmony, often used in severe cases like class III malocclusion or sleep apnea
How to Choose the Right Type of Jaw Surgery?
Choosing the correct jaw surgery depends on a combination of clinical need, esthetic goals, and expert evaluation.
🔹 Role of 3D Imaging and Planning
- Digital scans and cephalometric analysis help simulate surgical outcomes
- 3D planning ensures precision in bone movement and facial symmetry
🔹 Importance of Expert Consultation
- Only a qualified oral & maxillofacial surgeon can determine the exact need
- Collaboration with orthodontists ensures pre- and post-surgical dental alignment
🔹 Personal Goals and Customization
- Some seek functional improvement (bite, breathing)
- Others aim for enhanced jawline, chin, and facial proportions
- Personalized treatment plans yield better satisfaction and safer outcomes
Jaw Surgery at HospitaPrime
At HospitaPrime, patients receive world-class jaw surgery care with:
- Advanced diagnostics: 3D tomography, digital bite mapping
- Expert surgical team: Oral, maxillofacial, and aesthetic specialists
- Multidisciplinary planning: Seamless integration with orthodontics
- Personalized care: Each case is tailored from planning to recovery
- Recovery support: Pain management, swelling control, dietary guidance
👉 Book a consultation today to explore the most effective solution for your jaw and facial needs.
